Diabetes Types 1 & 2

What is type 1 diabetes? 

In type 1 diabetes, the body’s immune system destroys the cells that release insulin, eventually eliminating insulin production from the body. Without insulin, cells cannot absorb sugar (glucose), which they need to produce energy. Type 1 diabetes usually starts in childhood or young adulthood. Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented.

What is type 2 diabetes? 

Type 2 diabetes can develop at any age, becoming most apparent during adulthood, however, type 2 diabetes in children is on the rise. Type 2 diabetes accounts for the vast majority of people who have diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, the body isn’t able to use insulin the right way (insulin resistance occurs). As type 2 diabetes worsens, the pancreas may make less and less insulin (insulin deficiency). Type 2 can be prevented through lifestyle modifications, including weight, diet and exercise (30 minutes a day/five days a week).

How is diabetes diagnosed? 

Some of the following tests and procedures may be used to diagnose diabetes:

• Physical exam and history.
• Laboratory tests, including fasting blood sugar.

How is diabetes treated? 

Type 1: the treatment goal is to keep blood sugar levels within a target range. Treatments may include:

• Insulin injections or using an insulin pump.
• Monitoring blood sugar levels several times a day.
• Eating a healthy diet and monitoring carbohydrate consumption.
• Regular physical activity and exercise.
• Regular medical check-ups.
• Not smoking.

Type 2: In addition to lifestyle modification to treat type 2 diabetes, medication could be prescribed to help improve the effectiveness of insulin. Management of type 2 diabetes could include:

• Eating healthy meals and snacks.
• Enjoying regular physical activity.
• Monitoring your blood glucose (using a home blood glucose meter).
• Taking prescription medication.
• Managing stress effectively.
• Not smoking.

What are my diabetes care options?

Diabetes care usually starts with your primary care provider. You (or your child) may be referred to an endocrinologist who specializes in diabetes care, among other disorders. Soon after diagnosis you (or your child) will likely meet with a diabetes educator and a dietitian to get more information on managing your diabetes.

When should I seek immediate care?

• You have blurred vision.
• You are having trouble staying awake or trouble being woken up.
• You have fast, deep breathing.
• Your breath smells fruity.
• You have belly pain, not feeling hungry, and vomiting.
• You are feeling confused.