Endocarditis

What is Endocarditis?

Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of your heart. It may also affect the valves of your heart. Endocarditis, and the health problems it may cause, can be serious and can become life-threatening.

What increases your risk for endocarditis?

Some autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and cancer, can increase your risk for endocarditis. Your risk for endocarditis may also be increased if you have congenital heart disease. Endocarditis is most often caused by a bacterial infection. It may also be caused by viral, fungal, or parasitic infections. Bacteria or other germs may enter your bloodstream and get to your heart in the following ways:

• A heart surgery such as a valve replacement.
• Dental procedures.
• A urinary or IV catheter.
• Skin, mouth, or intestinal sores.
• Injecting illegal drugs.
• An implanted device such as a pacemaker or defibrillator.

How can you prevent endocarditis?

• Keep your teeth and gums healthy. Brush and floss your teeth two to three times every day. It is best to brush and floss after meals. Gently brush your teeth and gums with a clean toothbrush that has soft bristles. Go to the dentist every six months for check ups. Always tell your dentist that you have had endocarditis.
• Ask your healthcare provider if you should take antibiotics before certain procedures. Some procedures may allow bacteria to get into your blood and travel to your heart.
• Carry a wallet card that says you are at risk for endocarditis. This card will alert healthcare providers that you are at risk for endocarditis. It will also help them decide if you need antibiotics before a procedure or in an emergency. You can get this card through the American Heart Association.
  • American Heart Association
    7272 Greenville Avenue
    Dallas , TX 75231-4596
    Phone: 1-800-242-8721
    Web Address: http://www.heart.org

How is endocarditis diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will examine you and ask about your symptoms. Tell him or her if you have any medical conditions or take any medicines. You may need any of the following:

• Blood and urine tests: These may show if you have an infection or if another health condition is causing your symptoms.
• An EKG: This records your heart rhythm and how fast your heart beats. It is used to check for problems with your heart.
• An echocardiogram: This is an ultrasound used to find infection in your heart. Sound waves are used to show the structure and function of your heart. You may need a transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiogram. Ask your healthcare provider about these types of echocardiogram.

How is endocarditis treated?

You will need to be monitored and treated in a hospital. You may need any of the following:

• Medicines: Medicines will be given to treat the infection. You may need medicine to strengthen your heart, decrease stress on your heart, or to remove extra body fluid.
• Surgery: Surgery may be needed to repair or replace a damaged heart valve. Surgery may also be needed to remove an implanted device that has caused the infection. This may include removal of a pacemaker or defibrillator.

What can I do to manage my endocarditis?

• Rest as directed. Some activities may make your symptoms worse. Ask your healthcare provider what activities are safe for you to do. Also ask when you can return to your normal activities.
• Do not smoke. Nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes and cigars can make it hard to heal from endocarditis. Ask your healthcare provider for information if you currently smoke and need help to quit. E-cigarettes or smokeless tobacco still contain nicotine. Talk to your healthcare provider before you use these products.

Call 911 for any of the following:

• You have any of the following signs of a heart attack:
  • Squeezing, pressure, or pain in your chest that lasts longer than five minutes or returns.
  • Discomfort or pain in your back, neck, jaw, stomach, or arm.
  • Trouble breathing.
  • Nausea or vomiting.
  • Lightheadedness or a sudden cold sweat, especially with chest pain or trouble breathing.
• You have any of the following signs of a stroke:
  • Numbness or drooping on one side of your face.
  • Weakness in an arm or leg.
  • Confusion or difficulty speaking.
  • Dizziness, a severe headache, or vision loss.
• You have sudden trouble breathing or shortness of breath while lying down.
• Your heart pounds or flutters, or your heart rate is faster than usual.
• You cough up blood.

When should I seek immediate care?

• You have a severe headache, stiff neck, and your eyes are sensitive to light.
• You have new or increased swelling in your feet or ankles.
• You feel faint.

When should I contact my healthcare provider?

• You have a fever.
• You lose your appetite or are unable to eat.
• You have increased fatigue and weakness.
• You have questions or concerns about your condition or care.